{"id":5430,"date":"2022-03-18T14:01:07","date_gmt":"2022-03-18T13:01:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hydrogencouncil.com\/?p=5430"},"modified":"2024-02-29T13:36:51","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T12:36:51","slug":"new-horizons-for-hydrogen-trade-transporting-clean-energy-overseas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hydrogencouncil.com\/fr\/new-horizons-for-hydrogen-trade-transporting-clean-energy-overseas\/","title":{"rendered":"De nouveaux horizons pour le commerce de l'hydrog\u00e8ne\u00a0: transporter de l'\u00e9nergie propre \u00e0 l'\u00e9tranger"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans Vue H2<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par Daryl Wilson, directeur ex\u00e9cutif du Hydrogen Council.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La transition vers un syst\u00e8me d'\u00e9nergie propre n\u00e9cessitera des changements massifs. Pour que le monde reste sur la voie du z\u00e9ro \u00e9mission nette d'ici le milieu du si\u00e8cle, la demande mondiale d'hydrog\u00e8ne \u00e0 elle seule devrait atteindre 140 millions de tonnes m\u00e9triques (MT) en 2030 et 660 MT en 2050, contre 90 MT en 20201<\/sup>. Et bien que la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 du changement soit clairement reconnue aujourd'hui, l'ampleur et la complexit\u00e9 de sa r\u00e9alisation ne sont pas si faciles \u00e0 comprendre.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Alors que la plupart des gens peuvent d\u00e9j\u00e0 visualiser certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments du futur syst\u00e8me, tels que les panneaux solaires, les \u00e9oliennes ou les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 batterie, les couches cach\u00e9es qui servent le syst\u00e8me sont parfois n\u00e9glig\u00e9es, mais c'est l\u00e0 que r\u00e9side le secret du changement syst\u00e9mique pour le secteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Les pipelines, les p\u00e9troliers et les champs de p\u00e9trole et de gaz g\u00e8rent chaque jour des flux d'\u00e9nergie massifs sur de grandes distances, acheminant l'\u00e9nergie l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il y en a beaucoup vers l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il n'y en a pas assez. Dans le futur syst\u00e8me mondial d'\u00e9nergie propre, qui int\u00e8gre les \u00e9nergies renouvelables et l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, l'hydrog\u00e8ne jouera un r\u00f4le essentiel et compl\u00e9mentaire. Cependant, cela d\u00e9pendra de la construction de nouvelles infrastructures, de la modernisation et de la r\u00e9affectation des infrastructures existantes, ainsi que de la cr\u00e9ation de flux commerciaux pour transporter l'hydrog\u00e8ne via des pipelines et des transports maritimes dans le monde entier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nous savons que certaines r\u00e9gions telles que l'Am\u00e9rique latine, le Moyen-Orient et l'Afrique du Nord ont le potentiel de produire plus d'hydrog\u00e8ne propre que n\u00e9cessaire pour un usage domestique en raison de leur dotation naturelle pour la production d'\u00e9nergie renouvelable. Pendant ce temps, des endroits comme le Japon et la Cor\u00e9e avec des sources renouvelables insuffisantes devront importer la plupart des 35 MT d'hydrog\u00e8ne dont ils ont besoin en 20502<\/sup>. Pour que la premi\u00e8re cat\u00e9gorie de r\u00e9gions puisse r\u00e9colter les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices \u00e9conomiques de leur potentiel d'exportation, et pour que les secondes puissent s'assurer qu'elles peuvent obtenir suffisamment d'\u00e9nergie propre d'ailleurs, l'industrie, les investisseurs et les gouvernements doivent prendre des mesures pour relever les d\u00e9fis du transport, de l'importation et de l'utilisation de l'hydrog\u00e8ne. exporter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Choisir la forme ad\u00e9quate pour transporter l'hydrog\u00e8ne<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

De l'hydrog\u00e8ne liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 \u00e0 l'ammoniac au transporteur d'hydrog\u00e8ne organique liquide (LOHC), les diff\u00e9rentes formes ont chacune leurs propres avantages et d\u00e9fis, et la forme pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e d\u00e9pend de l'utilisation finale3<\/sup>. Les projets de d\u00e9monstration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle sont essentiels pour \u00e9valuer le co\u00fbt et les exigences de conception des diff\u00e9rents transporteurs d'hydrog\u00e8ne, et commercialiser la technologie. Les pionniers de l'industrie ouvrent d\u00e9j\u00e0 la voie, un excellent exemple \u00e9tant le transporteur d'hydrog\u00e8ne liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 de Kawasaki Heavy Industries, le Fronti\u00e8re Suiso<\/em>4<\/sup>. Comme le premier p\u00e9trolier naviguant d'Am\u00e9rique du Nord vers l'Europe en 18695<\/sup> et la premi\u00e8re cargaison de GNL en 19596<\/sup>, le premier transport d'hydrog\u00e8ne liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 en vrac sur les mers r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par le Fronti\u00e8re Suiso<\/em> au d\u00e9but de cette ann\u00e9e est un accomplissement historique, avec le potentiel de changer radicalement nos flux commerciaux \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques.<\/ins><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mettre en place la bonne infrastructure<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'exportation ou l'importation de grandes quantit\u00e9s d'hydrog\u00e8ne n\u00e9cessite des ports, une logistique et des infrastructures appropri\u00e9s. Dans les r\u00e9gions pr\u00e9sentant les conditions et l'ambition de se d\u00e9velopper en p\u00f4les de demande, de gros investissements doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s pour d\u00e9velopper une cha\u00eene d'importation d'hydrog\u00e8ne \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re : nouveaux terminaux d'importation, infrastructures de stockage et de distribution. Cette d\u00e9cennie est une p\u00e9riode critique pour l'intensification du transport d'hydrog\u00e8ne\u00a0; mais la construction d'infrastructures n\u00e9cessite de longs d\u00e9lais, ce qui signifie que les projets doivent d\u00e9marrer maintenant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9laboration de normes internationales et de syst\u00e8mes de certification<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le commerce transfrontalier a besoin d'un langage commun. L'absence de normes harmonis\u00e9es et de syst\u00e8mes de certification pour \u00e9valuer et prouver les attributs de durabilit\u00e9 de l'hydrog\u00e8ne est un obstacle inutile \u00e0 l'investissement. En \u00e9liminant les r\u00e8gles et m\u00e9thodes incoh\u00e9rentes pour d\u00e9terminer l'empreinte carbone de l'hydrog\u00e8ne, les pays peuvent donner aux acheteurs des certitudes sur l'origine de l'hydrog\u00e8ne, offrir plus de clart\u00e9 sur la contribution de l'hydrog\u00e8ne aux objectifs de d\u00e9carbonisation et r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts administratifs. Pour illustrer, au Japon, une telle r\u00e9duction de la charge administrative sur l'importation d'hydrog\u00e8ne depuis l'Australie pourrait g\u00e9n\u00e9rer jusqu'\u00e0 $2bn d'\u00e9conomies en 20307<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De plus en plus de gouvernements, d'entreprises et d'investisseurs comprennent que des changements massifs dans notre syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique n\u00e9cessitent un vecteur \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique polyvalent pour d\u00e9placer de grandes quantit\u00e9s d'\u00e9nergie propre, et l'hydrog\u00e8ne est le candidat id\u00e9al pour faire ce travail. L'Australie n'est qu'un exemple de pays aux conditions naturelles id\u00e9ales pour les \u00e9nergies renouvelables, qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 sign\u00e9 des accords commerciaux sur l'hydrog\u00e8ne avec le Japon, la Cor\u00e9e du Sud, Singapour et l'Allemagne - tous des pays qui reconnaissent que les exp\u00e9ditions transfrontali\u00e8res internationales d'\u00e9nergie seront toujours n\u00e9cessaires dans le syst\u00e8me d'\u00e9nergie propre du futur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Conseil de l'hydrog\u00e8ne s'efforce de mettre en \u00e9vidence les d\u00e9fis et les opportunit\u00e9s de la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et de mieux comprendre le r\u00f4le pratique et percutant que l'hydrog\u00e8ne peut jouer dans le cadre du changement syst\u00e9mique n\u00e9cessaire. En collaboration avec nos partenaires internationaux, nous facilitons \u00e9galement le d\u00e9veloppement de normes internationales communes, ainsi que des syst\u00e8mes de certification robustes et n\u00e9gociables pour l'hydrog\u00e8ne afin de renforcer la confiance des consommateurs et de favoriser le commerce mondial de l'hydrog\u00e8ne. Si nous mettons en place des cadres et des outils politiques favorables et un soutien financier suffisant pour l'infrastructure n\u00e9cessaire, l'hydrog\u00e8ne sera bient\u00f4t pr\u00eat \u00e0 naviguer \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans le num\u00e9ro de mars du magazine H2 View.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u00ab Hydrogen for Net Zero \u00bb, Hydrogen Council, novembre 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u00ab Hydrogen for Net Zero \u00bb, Hydrogen Council, novembre 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. "L'aube d'une nouvelle \u00e8re\u00a0: premi\u00e8re exp\u00e9dition maritime d'hydrog\u00e8ne liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 en cours", IHS Markit, 28 janvier 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. "Le premier transporteur d'hydrog\u00e8ne liqu\u00e9fi\u00e9 au monde SUISO FRONTIER lance la construction d'une cha\u00eene d'approvisionnement internationale en \u00e9nergie hydrog\u00e8ne destin\u00e9e \u00e0 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sans carbone", Kawasaki Heavy Industries", 11 d\u00e9cembre 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u00ab 30 juillet 1869 : D\u00e9placer du p\u00e9trole en vrac, pour le meilleur et pour le pire \u00bb, Wired, 29 juillet 2008<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. "Pionnier du m\u00e9thane", Wikip\u00e9dia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. "Hydrogen Policy Toolbox", Hydrogen Council, novembre 2021<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La transition vers une \u00e9nergie propre exige des changements importants, la demande mondiale d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne devant atteindre 140 MT d\u2019ici 2030 et 660 MT d\u2019ici 2050, contre 90 MT en 20201. Comprendre l\u2019ampleur et la complexit\u00e9 de cette transition reste un d\u00e9fi, m\u00eame si sa n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 est reconnue.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5432,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,87,82,79,83,84,78,74,152,85,86,77,80,96,112],"tags":[145],"class_list":["post-5430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","category-article","category-asia-pacific","category-category","category-central-south-america","category-europe","category-format","category-hydrogen-in-action","category-market-overview","category-middle-east","category-north-america","category-region","category-subject-matter","category-thought-leadership","category-trade","tag-thought-leadership"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNew horizons for hydrogen trade: Transporting clean energy overseas | Hydrogen Council<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Transitioning to clean energy demands significant change, with global hydrogen demand needing to reach 140 MT by 2030 and 660 MT by 2050, up from 90 MT in 20201. 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