{"id":15195,"date":"2025-10-06T12:00:22","date_gmt":"2025-10-06T10:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hydrogencouncil.com\/?p=15195"},"modified":"2026-01-15T17:07:15","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T16:07:15","slug":"hydrogen-changing-tack-from-announcements-to-hard-commitments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hydrogencouncil.com\/fr\/hydrogen-changing-tack-from-announcements-to-hard-commitments\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrogen change de cap : des annonces aux engagements fermes"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois dans Vue H2<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Par Peter Mackey, vice-pr\u00e9sident Strat\u00e9gie et Gestion des activit\u00e9s, secteur d'activit\u00e9 \u00c9nergie Hydrog\u00e8ne, Air Liquide.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

T<\/span>La citation (erron\u00e9e) de Wain \u2013 \u201c les rumeurs de ma mort sont grandement exag\u00e9r\u00e9es \u201d \u2013 pourrait \u00eatre une <\/span>C'est un clich\u00e9 \u00e9cul\u00e9 pour les nouveaux march\u00e9s et les nouvelles industries, mais dans le cas de l'hydrog\u00e8ne, cela reste vrai. Les commentateurs se sont empress\u00e9s de mettre l'accent sur les projets report\u00e9s ou abandonn\u00e9s, les faillites et les probl\u00e8mes de co\u00fbts.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ces constats sont ind\u00e9niables, surtout apr\u00e8s l'optimisme suscit\u00e9 par le pic de 2021-2023 qui a motiv\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re vague d'annonces. Mais ils ne refl\u00e8tent pas toute la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. La r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est plus nuanc\u00e9e et bien plus encourageante.<\/span><\/p>\n

Des mers agit\u00e9es aux eaux calmes<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Le principal enseignement du rapport phare du Conseil de l'hydrog\u00e8ne Boussole mondiale de l'hydrog\u00e8ne 2025<\/i> Le rapport souligne l'acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des projets hydrog\u00e8ne ayant franchi le cap de la d\u00e9cision finale d'investissement (FID) et entrant en exploitation. Au cours des douze derniers mois, le secteur a enregistr\u00e9 un nombre record de projets d'hydrog\u00e8ne propre ayant pris une d\u00e9cision finale d'investissement (FID). <\/span><\/p>\n

Les investissements engag\u00e9s dans l'hydrog\u00e8ne propre ont d\u00e9sormais d\u00e9pass\u00e9 1 TP4 001,1 milliards de livres sterling r\u00e9partis sur plus de 500 projets, soit une augmentation de 1 TP4 003,5 milliards de livres sterling rien que l'ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, maintenant ainsi le taux de croissance annuel de 501 TP3 000 milliards de livres sterling depuis 2020. Au total, cela permettra de mettre en service plus de 6 millions de tonnes par an (Mtpa) de capacit\u00e9 de production d'hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable et \u00e0 faible \u00e9mission de carbone d'ici 2030, soutenue par 3,6 Mtpa d'engagements d'achat.<\/span><\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re vague de projets matures est en cours de mise en service, avec une capacit\u00e9 d'environ 1 million de tonnes par an d\u00e9j\u00e0 op\u00e9rationnelle. Les projets pr\u00e9sentant des analyses de rentabilit\u00e9 solides progressent et franchissent le cap de la d\u00e9cision finale d'investissement (FID). Certes, les difficult\u00e9s ont r\u00e9duit le parc de centrales et plus de 50 projets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 annul\u00e9s. Mais ces obstacles ont surtout affect\u00e9 les projets qui, de toute fa\u00e7on, ne disposaient probablement pas des analyses de rentabilit\u00e9 les plus solides, tandis que l'incertitude politique persistante a rendu la navigation dans ce contexte d\u00e9j\u00e0 complexe encore plus difficile. <\/span><\/p>\n

Cette p\u00e9riode de turbulences n'est pas sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\u00a0; elle rappelle la consolidation observ\u00e9e lors de la crise de surproduction de panneaux solaires au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2010. Cette correction du march\u00e9, bien que difficile, \u00e9tait une restructuration n\u00e9cessaire qui a permis de forger une industrie plus r\u00e9siliente. De la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, les projets hydrog\u00e8ne restants, ayant surmont\u00e9 les premi\u00e8res difficult\u00e9s, sont aujourd'hui plus solides et approchent d'une situation plus stable.<\/span><\/p>\n

Le secteur entre dans une phase plus mature et pragmatique, avec une attention accrue port\u00e9e aux segments pr\u00e9sentant les mod\u00e8les \u00e9conomiques et les orientations politiques les plus clairs. De nouveaux march\u00e9s cl\u00e9s \u00e9mergent, port\u00e9s par la dynamique en Chine et, peut-\u00eatre contrairement aux id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues, en Am\u00e9rique du Nord. <\/span><\/p>\n

Le\u00e7ons tir\u00e9es des leaders mondiaux<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Sur la carte du monde, la Chine, qui s'impose d\u00e9j\u00e0 comme un acteur majeur des \u00e9nergies renouvelables, joue un r\u00f4le pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant dans la production d'hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable. Elle est en t\u00eate des investissements mondiaux (1\u00a0433 milliards de dollars), dispose d'une capacit\u00e9 de production d'hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable de 501\u00a0300 milliards de dollars et est leader dans le d\u00e9ploiement des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne, avec des milliers de camions et de bus d\u00e9j\u00e0 en circulation. C'est aujourd'hui la meilleure illustration de la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 entre la mobilit\u00e9 \u00e0 batterie et la mobilit\u00e9 \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord demeure un p\u00f4le majeur d\u2019investissement malgr\u00e9 les pressions g\u00e9opolitiques et les fluctuations du march\u00e9. Elle concentre le deuxi\u00e8me plus important volume d\u2019investissements engag\u00e9s (1\u00a0423 milliards de dollars) et abrite une capacit\u00e9 de production mondiale d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne bas carbone pr\u00e9vue de 851\u00a0300 milliards de dollars. <\/span><\/p>\n

Parall\u00e8lement, l'Europe continue de faire figure de pionni\u00e8re en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9glementation et de planification des infrastructures. Elle doit toutefois veiller \u00e0 ce que cette ambition se traduise par des projets concrets. Bien que la r\u00e9gion repr\u00e9sente pr\u00e8s des deux tiers de la demande mondiale pr\u00e9vue pour 2030, elle ne repr\u00e9sente aujourd'hui que moins de 201\u00a0030 milliards de dollars d'investissements engag\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lib\u00e9rer la demande : tracer la prochaine \u00e9tape du voyage<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Ainsi, contrairement \u00e0 l'opinion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale exprim\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9bat public, il semble que le secteur reste sur la bonne voie : plus pragmatique, plus ax\u00e9 sur les affaires et plus cibl\u00e9. <\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, sans soutien politique pour stabiliser la situation, les progr\u00e8s risquent de stagner. La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d'approvisionnement est essentielle \u00e0 tous les projets d'hydrog\u00e8ne renouvelable et bas carbone. Une capacit\u00e9 de production suppl\u00e9mentaire de 3 \u00e0 8 millions de tonnes par an pourrait \u00eatre mobilis\u00e9e d'ici 2030 si les incertitudes politiques \u00e9taient lev\u00e9es dans les prochains mois. Les grandes lignes de la politique sont d\u00e9finies, mais en Europe, sa transposition dans la r\u00e9glementation nationale reste tr\u00e8s limit\u00e9e et la fen\u00eatre d'opportunit\u00e9 pour d\u00e9bloquer davantage d'investissements est \u00e9troite. Seule une politique coh\u00e9rente et cr\u00e9dible permettra de concr\u00e9tiser la prochaine vague de projets. Des d\u00e9finitions claires, une certification rigoureuse et des mesures pr\u00e9visibles concernant la demande sont indispensables pour r\u00e9duire les risques et permettre \u00e0 la fili\u00e8re hydrog\u00e8ne de se d\u00e9velopper \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle.<\/span><\/p>\n

En cas de succ\u00e8s, une demande suppl\u00e9mentaire d'hydrog\u00e8ne propre d'environ 8 millions de tonnes par an pourrait se concr\u00e9tiser dans l'UE, aux \u00c9tats-Unis, au Japon et en Cor\u00e9e d'ici 2030, sous r\u00e9serve de la pleine application des politiques existantes. La clarification progressive de politiques telles que la troisi\u00e8me directive sur les \u00e9nergies renouvelables en Europe, les contrats de diff\u00e9rence au Japon et la norme de production d'hydrog\u00e8ne propre en Cor\u00e9e contribuera \u00e0 g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des signaux pr\u00e9coces de la demande, mais la viabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique globale reste tributaire d'une situation stable et d'une orientation claire de la part des d\u00e9cideurs politiques. <\/span><\/p>\n

L'hydrog\u00e8ne s'impose comme la pierre angulaire d'un syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique diversifi\u00e9.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les d\u00e9fis \u00e9vidents, le r\u00f4le crucial de l'hydrog\u00e8ne dans un syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique plus r\u00e9silient se dessine.\u00a0 <\/span>Outre son r\u00f4le \u00e9vident dans la d\u00e9carbonation, l'hydrog\u00e8ne r\u00e9pond \u00e9galement aux enjeux de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et contribue \u00e0 g\u00e9rer la demande croissante en \u00e9nergies renouvelables. En permettant le stockage et le transport de ces \u00e9nergies sur de longues distances et dans le temps, l'hydrog\u00e8ne renforce la r\u00e9silience de l'ensemble du syst\u00e8me \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. <\/span><\/p>\n

L'hydrog\u00e8ne est l\u00e0 pour durer. Le secteur arrive \u00e0 maturit\u00e9 et l'accent est d\u00e9sormais mis sur la mise en \u0153uvre plut\u00f4t que sur l'annonce. La mise en service de la premi\u00e8re vague de projets marque des progr\u00e8s concrets. Cependant, il reste encore beaucoup \u00e0 faire et la trajectoire suivie au cours des 12 \u00e0 18 prochains mois d\u00e9terminera si nous restons sur la bonne voie. <\/span><\/p>\n

Le choix est clair\u00a0: avec les cadres r\u00e9glementaires ad\u00e9quats, le monde pourrait voir arriver sur le march\u00e9, d\u2019ici 2030, 3 \u00e0 8 millions de tonnes d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne suppl\u00e9mentaires par an, en plus des capacit\u00e9s actuelles, pour une capacit\u00e9 totale d\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne propre de 9 \u00e0 14 millions de tonnes par an (m\u00eame en tenant compte des \u00e9ventuels retards de projets). L\u2019h\u00e9sitation, cependant, risque de paralyser le secteur, de ralentir la croissance et de nuire \u00e0 la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 dans des secteurs cl\u00e9s. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pour les d\u00e9cideurs politiques, l'industrie et les investisseurs, le message est clair\u00a0: les coques sont construites et les voiles sont hiss\u00e9es. Il ne reste plus qu'\u00e0 lever l'ancre et \u00e0 prendre le large. La question finale n'est pas d'ordre technologique, mais de volont\u00e9\u00a0: aurons-nous le courage de larguer les amarres, ou l'inaction laissera-t-elle ce secteur vital \u00e0 quai\u00a0?<\/span><\/p>\n

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La citation (erron\u00e9e) de Twain \u2013 \u201c les rumeurs de ma mort sont grandement exag\u00e9r\u00e9es \u201d \u2013 est peut-\u00eatre un clich\u00e9 \u00e9cul\u00e9 pour les nouveaux march\u00e9s et les nouvelles industries, mais dans le cas de l'hydrog\u00e8ne, le propos reste valable. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,87,82,79,83,104,84,78,74,101,152,85,86,77,80,96,112],"tags":[145],"class_list":["post-15195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","category-article","category-asia-pacific","category-category","category-central-south-america","category-decarbonization","category-europe","category-format","category-hydrogen-in-action","category-investment","category-market-overview","category-middle-east","category-north-america","category-region","category-subject-matter","category-thought-leadership","category-trade","tag-thought-leadership"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHydrogen changing tack: from announcements to hard commitments | Hydrogen Council<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Twain\u2019s (mis)quote 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