{"id":5430,"date":"2022-03-18T14:01:07","date_gmt":"2022-03-18T13:01:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hydrogencouncil.com\/?p=5430"},"modified":"2024-02-29T13:36:51","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T12:36:51","slug":"new-horizons-for-hydrogen-trade-transporting-clean-energy-overseas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hydrogencouncil.com\/es\/new-horizons-for-hydrogen-trade-transporting-clean-energy-overseas\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuevos horizontes para el comercio de hidr\u00f3geno: transporte de energ\u00eda limpia al extranjero"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Este art\u00edculo fue publicado por primera vez en Vista H2<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por Daryl Wilson, Director Ejecutivo del Consejo de Hidr\u00f3geno.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La transici\u00f3n a un sistema de energ\u00eda limpia requerir\u00e1 un cambio masivo. Para que el mundo se mantenga en el camino hacia las emisiones netas cero para mediados de siglo, la demanda mundial de hidr\u00f3geno por s\u00ed sola deber\u00eda crecer a 140 millones de toneladas m\u00e9tricas (TM) en 2030 y 660 TM en 2050, frente a las 90 TM en 2020.1<\/sup>. Y si bien la necesidad del cambio se reconoce claramente hoy en d\u00eda, la escala y la complejidad de hacerlo realidad no son tan f\u00e1ciles de comprender.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Si bien la mayor\u00eda de las personas ya pueden visualizar algunos elementos del futuro sistema, como paneles solares, turbinas e\u00f3licas o veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos a bater\u00eda, a veces se pasan por alto las capas ocultas que sirven al sistema, pero aqu\u00ed es donde radica el secreto del cambio sist\u00e9mico para el sector energ\u00e9tico. Los oleoductos, los buques cisterna y los yacimientos de petr\u00f3leo y gas manejan flujos masivos de energ\u00eda a trav\u00e9s de grandes distancias todos los d\u00edas, tomando energ\u00eda de donde hay mucho a donde no hay suficiente. En el futuro sistema mundial de energ\u00eda limpia, que integra las energ\u00edas renovables y la electricidad, el hidr\u00f3geno desempe\u00f1ar\u00e1 un papel fundamental y complementario. Sin embargo, esto depender\u00e1 de la construcci\u00f3n de nuevas infraestructuras, la modernizaci\u00f3n y la reutilizaci\u00f3n de las existentes, as\u00ed como la creaci\u00f3n de flujos comerciales para transportar hidr\u00f3geno a trav\u00e9s de tuber\u00edas y env\u00edos en todo el mundo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sabemos que algunas regiones, como Am\u00e9rica Latina, Medio Oriente y el norte de \u00c1frica, tienen el potencial de producir m\u00e1s hidr\u00f3geno limpio del necesario para uso dom\u00e9stico debido a su dotaci\u00f3n natural para la generaci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda renovable. Mientras tanto, lugares como Jap\u00f3n y Corea con fuentes renovables insuficientes necesitar\u00e1n importar la mayor parte de las 35 MT de hidr\u00f3geno que requieren en 2050.2<\/sup>. Para que la primera categor\u00eda de regiones coseche los beneficios econ\u00f3micos de su potencial de exportaci\u00f3n, y para que las segundas se aseguren de que pueden obtener suficiente energ\u00eda limpia de otros lugares, la industria, los inversores y los gobiernos deben tomar medidas para abordar los desaf\u00edos del transporte, la importaci\u00f3n y el transporte de hidr\u00f3geno. exportar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elecci\u00f3n de la forma adecuada para el transporte de hidr\u00f3geno<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desde hidr\u00f3geno licuado sobre amon\u00edaco hasta hidr\u00f3geno org\u00e1nico l\u00edquido portador (LOHC), cada una de las diferentes formas tiene sus propios beneficios y desaf\u00edos, y la forma preferida depende del uso final.3<\/sup>. Los proyectos de demostraci\u00f3n a escala son clave para evaluar el costo y los requisitos de dise\u00f1o para diferentes portadores de hidr\u00f3geno y comercializar la tecnolog\u00eda. Los l\u00edderes de la industria ya est\u00e1n liderando el camino, un excelente ejemplo es el transportador de hidr\u00f3geno licuado de Kawasaki Heavy Industries, el frontera suiso<\/em>4<\/sup>. Como el primer petrolero que naveg\u00f3 de Am\u00e9rica del Norte a Europa en 18695<\/sup> y el primer env\u00edo de GNL en 19596<\/sup>, el primer env\u00edo de hidr\u00f3geno licuado a granel en los mares realizado por la frontera suiso<\/em> principios de este a\u00f1o es un logro hist\u00f3rico, con el potencial de cambiar radicalmente nuestros flujos comerciales de energ\u00eda.<\/ins><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conseguir la infraestructura adecuada<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exportar o importar grandes cantidades de hidr\u00f3geno requiere puertos, log\u00edstica e infraestructura adecuados. En regiones con las condiciones adecuadas y la ambici\u00f3n de convertirse en centros de demanda, se deben realizar grandes inversiones para desarrollar una cadena de importaci\u00f3n de hidr\u00f3geno completa: nuevas terminales de importaci\u00f3n, infraestructura de almacenamiento y distribuci\u00f3n. Esta d\u00e9cada es un per\u00edodo cr\u00edtico para aumentar el env\u00edo de hidr\u00f3geno; pero la construcci\u00f3n de infraestructura necesita largos plazos de entrega, lo que significa que los proyectos deben comenzar ahora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desarrollo de est\u00e1ndares internacionales y sistemas de certificaci\u00f3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El comercio transfronterizo necesita un lenguaje com\u00fan. La ausencia de est\u00e1ndares armonizados y sistemas de certificaci\u00f3n para evaluar y evidenciar los atributos de sostenibilidad del hidr\u00f3geno es una barrera innecesaria para la inversi\u00f3n. Al eliminar reglas y m\u00e9todos inconsistentes para determinar la huella de carbono del hidr\u00f3geno, los pa\u00edses pueden brindar certeza a los compradores sobre el origen del hidr\u00f3geno, ofrecer m\u00e1s claridad sobre la contribuci\u00f3n del hidr\u00f3geno a los objetivos de descarbonizaci\u00f3n y reducir los costos administrativos. Para ilustrar, en Jap\u00f3n, tal reducci\u00f3n de la carga administrativa sobre la importaci\u00f3n de hidr\u00f3geno de Australia podr\u00eda generar hasta $2bn de ahorros en 20307<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cada vez m\u00e1s gobiernos, empresas e inversores entienden que los cambios masivos en nuestro sistema energ\u00e9tico requieren un vector de energ\u00eda vers\u00e1til para mover grandes cantidades de energ\u00eda limpia, y el hidr\u00f3geno es el candidato ideal para hacer ese trabajo. Australia es solo un ejemplo de un pa\u00eds con condiciones naturales ideales para las energ\u00edas renovables, que ya firm\u00f3 acuerdos comerciales de hidr\u00f3geno con Jap\u00f3n, Corea del Sur, Singapur y Alemania, todos pa\u00edses que reconocen que los env\u00edos transfronterizos internacionales de energ\u00eda seguir\u00e1n siendo necesarios en el futuro. sistema de energ\u00eda limpia del futuro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El Hydrogen Council est\u00e1 trabajando para resaltar los desaf\u00edos y oportunidades en la transici\u00f3n energ\u00e9tica y generar comprensi\u00f3n sobre el papel pr\u00e1ctico e impactante que el hidr\u00f3geno puede tener como parte del cambio sist\u00e9mico necesario. Junto con nuestros socios internacionales, tambi\u00e9n estamos facilitando el desarrollo de est\u00e1ndares internacionales comunes, junto con sistemas de certificaci\u00f3n robustos y negociables para hidr\u00f3geno para generar confianza en el consumidor y fomentar el comercio mundial de hidr\u00f3geno. Si implementamos los marcos y las herramientas de pol\u00edticas habilitadoras y el apoyo financiero suficiente para la infraestructura necesaria, el hidr\u00f3geno pronto estar\u00e1 listo para zarpar a gran escala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este art\u00edculo fue publicado en la edici\u00f3n de marzo de la revista H2 View.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referencias<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u201cHydrogen for Net Zero\u201d, Consejo de Hidr\u00f3geno, noviembre de 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u201cHydrogen for Net Zero\u201d, Consejo de Hidr\u00f3geno, noviembre de 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u201cAmanecer de una nueva era: Primer env\u00edo mar\u00edtimo de hidr\u00f3geno licuado en marcha\u201d, IHS Markit, 28 de enero de 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u201cWorld's First Liquefied Hydrogen Carrier SUISO FRONTIER lanza la construcci\u00f3n de una cadena internacional de suministro de energ\u00eda de hidr\u00f3geno dirigida a una sociedad libre de carbono\u201d, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, 11 de diciembre de 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u201c30 de julio de 1869: Transporte de petr\u00f3leo a granel, para bien y para mal\u201d, Wired, 29 de julio de 2008<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u201cPionero del metano\u201d, Wikipedia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. \u201cCaja de herramientas de pol\u00edtica de hidr\u00f3geno\u201d, Consejo de hidr\u00f3geno, noviembre de 2021<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La transici\u00f3n a energ\u00edas limpias exige un cambio significativo: la demanda mundial de hidr\u00f3geno debe alcanzar las 140 TM para 2030 y las 660 TM para 2050, frente a las 90 TM en 20201. Comprender la escala y la complejidad de esta transici\u00f3n sigue siendo un desaf\u00edo a pesar de reconocer su necesidad.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5432,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,87,82,79,83,84,78,74,152,85,86,77,80,96,112],"tags":[145],"class_list":["post-5430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","category-article","category-asia-pacific","category-category","category-central-south-america","category-europe","category-format","category-hydrogen-in-action","category-market-overview","category-middle-east","category-north-america","category-region","category-subject-matter","category-thought-leadership","category-trade","tag-thought-leadership"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNew horizons for hydrogen trade: Transporting clean energy overseas | Hydrogen Council<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Transitioning to clean energy demands significant change, with global hydrogen demand needing to reach 140 MT by 2030 and 660 MT by 2050, up from 90 MT in 20201. 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